Rig Veda - It the oldest tent in the world.
-The Rig Veda contains loz hymus and 10560 Verses, divided inot 10 mandals.
- The hymns of Rig Veda were recited by Hatri. - Also contains the famous Gayatri Mantra.
The Yajur Veda – Is a Ritual Veda - It is vided inot two parts Krishna Yajurveda and Shukla Yajur Veda. - Rituals of Yajnas.
The Sama Veda – had 1549 Verses. - This Veda is important for India music. - Book for chants.
The Athar Veda: Contains Charms and Spells to word off evils and discuses. - Mantras for magic spells.
The Upanishadas:
- The upanishadas are philosophical texts.
- They are generally called Vedanta.
- There are 108 upanishads.
- Vrihadaranyaka is the oldest upnishadas.
Vedangas:
There are six Vedangas
- Shiksha
- Kalpa Sutras
- Vyakarana
- Nirukta
- Chanda
- Jyotisha
Mahakavyas: There are mainly two
Mahakavyas.
(1) The Ramayana
(2) The Mahabharata.
The Purana:
The Purana means “The old”:
- There are 18 famous ‘Puranas’
- The matsya purana is the oldest puranic
text
- The important puranas are the
Bhagavata, the Vishnu. The vegu and
the Brahmnda.
Rig Vedic (1500 BC – 1000 B.C):
-
- Rig Veda is the only source of knowledge
for period.
- Rig Veda people, who called themselves
Aryans were confined in the are which
came to be known as Sapta Sinddhu i.e
land of the seven rivers.
- According to Rig Veda the famous
Dassajan was the interaine war of the
Aryans.
The Rig Veda speaks of assemblies such as
the Sabha Samiti, Vidath, and Grana.
- Rig Vedic society comprised four Vramas,
namely: Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya
and Shudra.
- Teacher and priests were called Brahmas,
Rules and administrators were called
Kshatriyas and artisans and laburses were
reckoned or shudras.
- Child marriage was not in vogue.
- Milk and its product curd, butter and ghee
formed on important part of the diet.
- The cow was already deemed Agnaya i.e.
not to be killed.
- Alcoholic drinks, Sura and soma were also
consumed.
- Indira, Agni Varuma were the most
Popular Duties of Rig Vedic Aryans.
- The Aryana crossed the nomadic stage.
Yet, great important was attached to
herds of cattle various animals were
domesticated.
- Tiger was not known but the wild animals
like – lion, elephant and bear were known
to them.
Later Vedic period: 100 B.C – 600 B.C
- During the eater Vedic period the Aryan
Settlements covered virtually the whole
northern Indira – Aryavarta.
- The center of culture now shifted from
Saraswati to Ganges.
- The expansion of people towards the east
in indicate in a legend of Sataptha
Brahamana.
- Large kingdom and stately cities made
their appearances in the later Vedic
period.
- In Taittariya Brahmas we notice the theory
of the divine origin of Kingship.
- The military officials of the Rig Vedic times
the Semanj and the Grramini.
- The Sthapati being entrusted with the
duty of administering.
- Adhikrita was the village officials.
- The popular control over the affairs of the
Kingdom was exercised through Sabha
and Samiti.
- The Earliest references to the 4 Ashrams:
Brahmachrya, Grihastha, Vanprastha and
Sanyasa is found in the Jobala uponishad.
- Woman were prohibited to attend the
political Assemblies.
- The earlier divinites Indra and Agni were
relegated inot the background while
prajapati, Vishnu and Rudra.
- Prajapati Become Supreme God.
- Land had become more valuable than
cows.
- Rice, Barley, beans, sesame and wheat
were cultivated.
- Production of goods advanced as
indicated by new occupations like
fisherman, washer man, dyers, doorkeepers and footmen.
Comments
Post a Comment